Monitor the signs and stages of labor.

Monitoring should include identifying and/or describing

• the four stages of labor
• internal vs. external methods of assessment
• methods of inducing labor
• treatments for complications of labor
• use of assistive devices
• causes for cesarean section.

Process/Skill Questions:

• How would one describe the four stages of labor?
• How would one describe and compare internal vs. external methods of assessing the frequency, duration, and intensity of uterine contractions?
• What pharmacological management of pain is available for the laboring client?
• What are the types and purposes of episiotomies?
• What are the degrees of lacerations?
• What are three methods of inducing labor, including nursing assessment and management of the client?
• What are the treatments for complications of labor, such as
  • uterine dystocia
  • supine hypotension
  • hemorrhage
  • ruptured uterus
  • multiple pregnancies
  • prolapsed cord
  • cephalopelvic disproportion?