Identify major structures and functions of the musculoskeletal system.

Identification should include

  • two divisions of the skeleton
  • types, structures, functions, and formation of bones
  • bone marrow, cranial sinuses, and cartilage
  • number of vertebrae in each segment of the vertebral column
  • difference between the male and female pelvis
  • changes in skeleton across the lifespan
  • basic unit of muscle tissue
  • three types of muscle tissue, their characteristics, and their functions
  • physiology and types of muscle contractions
  • effects of aging on muscles.

Refer to Unit VII in Nurse Aide Curriculum Links to an external site., Virginia Board of Nursing, Virginia Department of Health Professions, 2018.

Process/Skill Questions:

  • What is the basic unit of muscle tissue?
  • What are the major muscles of the body, and where are they located?
  • How are muscles attached to bones?
  • What is the role of the nervous system in muscle function?
  • What are the energy sources for muscle contraction?
  • What is the simple equation of cellular respiration, and what happens to each of the products of this equation?
  • What are the types of muscle contractions?
  • How could the body's physiological responses to exercise be described? Summarize how each response assists in maintaining homeostasis.
  • What measures may be taken to minimize the effects of aging on the muscular system?