Demonstrate assessment and management of adequate and inadequate ventilation.

Demonstration should include

  • an explanation of the effect of ventilation on cardiac output
  • implementation of
    • artificial ventilation, including continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) devices
    • minute ventilation
    • alveolar ventilation
    • pulse oximetry
    • automatic transport ventilator (ATV).

Demonstration should also include age-related variations in pediatric and geriatric patients.

Process/Skill Questions:

  • How is artificial ventilation given to an adult patient, to a child, and to an infant?
  • How is minute ventilation calculated?
  • How would an EMT calculate how much oxygen is reaching the alveoli?