Describe common abnormalities seen in blood films, cytologies, and urinalysis.

Description should include

• common abnormalities in blood films (e.g., anemia)
• common abnormalities in cytologies (e.g., yeast, bacteria, ectoparasites)
• common abnormalities in urine (e.g., bacteria, crystals, parasites)
• methods for identifying abnormalities.

Process/Skill Questions:

• Why are white blood cells important? Why are red cells important?
• What are some common mistakes in the making of blood films, cytologies, and urinalysis samples? How can these mistakes be prevented?
• What are the proper protocols when any abnormality is found in a lab sample?
• What are crystals in urine?
• What are inclusions in the blood smear?
• What are the five different white blood cells in the blood smear and what are some abnormalities which may be observed in each of them?
• What is the purpose of a gram stain?
• How does a Diff Quick Stain demonstrate some sample abnormalities?
• Why do not all bacteria grow in the presence of oxygen? 
• What parasite is often found in otic cytologies?