Issue ATC clearances.

Issuance of ATC clearances could include, but not be limited to,

• instrument flight rules (IFR) clearance
• visual flight rules (VFR) clearance
• takeoff/landing clearance
• taxi clearance
• land and hold short operations (LAHSO).

Note: Students should understand the concept that approach clearances are issued in a radar environment while landing/takeoff clearances are issued in a tower environment.

Process/Skill Questions:

• What are three types of ATC clearances?