Explain techniques of genetic engineering.

Explanation should include

•    a definition of genetic engineering
•    the recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) method, using plasmids and vectors
•    the electroporation and chemical poration methods
•    polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
•    electrophoresis.

Process/Skill Questions:

•    What tools, materials, and processes are used to manipulate genetic material?
•    When would one use these specific techniques?
•    How do genetic mutations affect cell function?