Identify on a skeleton the bones and major bony landmarks of the skull, vertebral column, and pelvis.

Identification could include

• skull (i.e., frontal, parietal, temporal mastoid process, occipital, maxilla, and mandible)
• cervical vertebrae (atlas, axis, odontoid process/dens, and transverse foramen)
• thoracic vertebrae (costal facets)
• lumbar vertebrae
• sacral vertebrae (crest, foramina, and lateral articular surfaces)
• coccygeal vertebrae
• comparative landmarks (vertebral body, spinous processes, transverse processes, lamina, pedicle, intervertebral foramen, superior and inferior articulating facets, and vertebral foramen)
• sternum (manubrium, body, xiphoid process, jugular notch, and sternal angle)
• clavicle (acromioclavicular [AC] and sternoclavicular [SC] joints)
• ribs (seven true, five false, and costal cartilage).

Process/Skill Questions:

• What structures are involved with a diagnosis of herniated nucleus pulposus?
• What structural characteristic facilitates the compressions in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)?
• What structural differentiation determines which motions the various segments of the spine exhibit?